Velikkakathu Sankaran Achuthanandan, often affectionately known as “VS,” stands as an indomitable figure in the annals of Kerala’s political landscape, a true stalwart of its Communist movement. His life, spanning over a century, is a testament to unwavering dedication, relentless struggle, and an unyielding commitment to the welfare of the working class. From his humble beginnings to becoming the Chief Minister of Kerala, VS’s journey epitomizes the spirit of radical politics and social justice.
Born in 1923 in Alappuzha, a hotbed of communist activity, Achuthanandan’s early life was marked by poverty and the harsh realities of colonial rule.4 These experiences profoundly shaped his worldview and fueled his early involvement in the trade union movement. He joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1940, a decision that would define the rest of his life. His active participation in the Punnapra-Vayalar uprising of 1946, a pivotal peasant struggle against the Dewan of Travancore, cemented his reputation as a courageous and committed activist. He faced arrest and endured severe police brutality, but such hardships only strengthened his resolve.
As the Communist Party gained ground in Kerala, VS rose through its ranks, earning a reputation for his organizational skills, fiery rhetoric, and uncompromising stance on ideological matters.8 He was instrumental in building the party’s grassroots network, connecting with ordinary people and articulating their grievances.9 When the Communist Party split in 1964, VS unequivocally sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), believing in its more radical and revolutionary approach.10 This decision underscored his deep commitment to Marxist-Leninist principles.
Over the decades, Achuthanandan held numerous significant positions within the CPI(M), serving as a state committee member, central committee member, and eventually as the State Secretary of the party for a remarkable 14 years.11 These roles showcased his immense influence and leadership within the party apparatus. His political career was characterized by a consistent focus on issues of land reform, labor rights, and fighting corruption – causes that resonated deeply with the common man in Kerala. He was a vocal critic of neoliberal policies and fiercely defended the public sector, often taking positions that were at odds with mainstream political discourse.
Despite his long and illustrious career, it was in 2006, at the ripe old age of 82, that V.S. Achuthanandan became the Chief Minister of Kerala. His tenure was marked by a decisive approach to governance, focusing on welfare schemes, environmental protection, and a strong stand against corruption. He launched numerous initiatives aimed at improving the lives of the marginalized, including efforts to reclaim encroached public lands and to protect the fragile ecosystem of the Western Ghats. His simple lifestyle, direct communication style, and unblemished personal integrity endeared him to millions, earning him the moniker “People’s Commander.”
Even after stepping down from the Chief Minister’s office, VS remained an active and influential voice in Kerala politics. He continued to be a champion of progressive causes, often acting as the conscience of the party and society. His sharp criticism of perceived injustices and his unwavering commitment to communist ideals ensured his continued relevance. V.S. Achuthanandan passed away on Monday, July 21, 2025, at the age of 101, leaving behind a profound legacy that will continue to inspire generations.
His legacy is multifaceted. He is remembered not just as a politician, but as a revolutionary, a trade unionist, and a relentless advocate for the oppressed. His life story is intertwined with the evolution of the Communist movement in Kerala, demonstrating how ideological conviction, coupled with an unwavering commitment to the people, can shape the destiny of a state. He remains an enduring symbol of struggle, resilience, and the power of a single individual to dedicate their life to a cause greater than themselves.
